ORIGINS OF THE CINEMA:
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| Kinetoscope |
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| cinematographer |
THE CINEMA IN HOLLYWOOD:
In 1903 a couple Texas origin, travel to los Ángeles where gave the origin of the new Mecca of western film called Hollywood (in spanish Bosques de Acebos). The principal purpose of Hollywood was entertain, they created genre like: Drama, Comedy, Western, among others to give variety to the public.
Is began to create cinematography industries like: 20nd century Fox, MGM, Universal Studios, Paramount, etc. This give the way to the star system, which consist in create important actors and actresses give an ideal imagen both masculine and feminine spectators to make more amused the film; movies that raised more in that time was: wizard of oz (23.31 million), Gone with the Wind (400.17 million ), Casablanca (2.87 in domestic box office)
THE NEW ERA OF HOLLYWOOD
Hollywood had a crisis before the 40´s for two simple reasons: the arrival of television
and the star system fall. These consequences frantically affect Hollywood almost taking him to an economic breakdown. So that, the industries must to decide quickly give new changes in the industry where the difference of the classic for its base in the dramatic genre, with more sexual and violence theme. This stage was also accompanied of the creation of the film 3-D, consequently this change gave the origin to the second stage called “The new hollywood” concrete in 60’s. This was also accompanied by the new global phenomenon called “ American dream” where directors and actors migrated to hollywood to give a new change thus creating commercial cinema that brought to cinematography studios to focus in produce large success more known as blockbusters such as: E.T (792.9 millions), Back to the Future (389.1 million), y psycho (50 millions), Psycho is directed by an England called Alfred Hitchcock, this movie is considered a cult film and was nominated like an iconic horror film.
via GIPHY
FOREIGNERS DIRECTORS IN HOLLYWOOD: AN ECONOMIC PHENOMENON
In the 90's began to give blockbuster such as: Titanic (2.187 billion), The Sixth Sense (678.8 million), Jurassic Park (1.029 billion), Independence Day (817.4 million), etc. Is important mentioned that some Directors of these films are foreigners specially the Director of Titanic because that film is the more view until the moment. Its Director is James Cameron, he is canadian and his contribution has been rewarding with others feature films as: Avatar (2.78 billion) catalogued as a worship film, Aliens (131.0 million) this movie helped to the consolidation of the genre science fiction.
The Foreigners Directors give a new perspective to the films, they show new stories without leave the commercial part. For this reason Hollywood wish the new foreigners Directors because they have a possibility to make these stories in a economic potential. This idea has been growing since the second era of cinema
Other prominent Directors are:
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| Danny Boyle |
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| Paul Greengrass |
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| Guillermo del Toro |
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| Alejandro González Iñárritu |
Peter jackson: New Zealand Director. Start be independent Director and he achieved the fame with King Kong (10.0 million) and The Lord of the ring (871.53 million)
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| Peter Jackson |
Is important show that Waner Bros. is the industry that has supported more a foreigners director in the last 5 years:
An associate Professor of Cinema call Melis behil, show that into 10 to 15% of the new movies have a Foreing Director. She explain that Hollywood need and want a global talent for two simple reason: first, they need produce quality films in the entertaiment industry and weaking some new local industries. Second, they need keep the door open for news and good directors because hollywood could be decline of their products.
In the book The Europe-hollywood copetition show some reasons for which of the European Directors emigrated to Hollywood. Have two highly important reasons:
1). In Europe the industries are brittle and don't have a landline productors for this reason the film can’t spend a lot in marketing in contrast the Hollywood have a few specific producers and have a economies of scale (reduction in the cost unit as a consequence of a new installation or product) consequently they can invert in the development and in the marketing of the films
2). Europe have a huge fragmentation specifically for the language and the culture,
(Janiesch, 1993: 25-26; Henning y Alpar, 2005:238) said that just a 20% of European Movies are distributed in others place of the world conversely Hollywood that manages a specific language and try to grouping in topics or situation.Webgrafia:
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/24df6c4a-4ec8-11e6-8172-e39ecd3b86fc.html
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